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The turbo charger is a 'fan' mounted on exhaust pipe of the car(this is over simplification but to just put across the idea).
Now when the exhaust gases rush past the fan-the fan turns-this turning fan is connected to the inlet port of the engine(area were the fuel and air go inside the engine) drives more air into the engine extracting more power.
Due to this
-the turbo will only start spinning fast when the speed of the exhaust gases increase-this is the reason for turbo lag.
-turbo works better on high compression engines(like diesels) as the speed of exit of burnt gases from the combustion chamber will be much higher.
-as the turbo is run off the exhaust gases-there is no direct use of engine power and hence the turbo is a much more efficient system.
hope i have not confused you more!
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